Various types of crushers used in stone crushing industry

Various types of crushers are used in the stone crushing industry such as Jaw Crushers, Roller Crushers, and Cone Crusher etc. Generally, only Jaw crushers are used as Primary crushers. For secondary and tertiary crushing application either of Jaw, cone, roller crushers are used. Various types of crushers are briefly described below.

Jaw Crushers:
These are the oldest type of and most commonly used crushers in use and have changed little from the original design. In Jaw Crusher the feed is compressed between a stationary and a movable surface.

Double roll crusher:
Double roll crusher consists of two rollers, which rotate towards each other and are separated by an adjustable gap. The gap can be adjusted according to the size of the feed and the required size of the product.

Gyratory (Cone) Crushers:
In Gyratory Crushers (cone crusher), the stress to the feed is applied between a stationary and a movable surface. The crushing head is employed in the form of a truncated cone, mounted on a shaft, the upper end of which is held in a flexible bearing, whilst the lower end is driven eccentrically so as to describe a circle. The crushing action takes place around the cone.

Hammer Crusher:
In hammer crushers the hammers are attached to the rotor via pivots so that they are deflected when they hit strong and particularly large stones. In most cases the crushing zone is surrounded by grate bars so that fragments which are larger than the openings of the grating are retained in the crushing zone. Huge hammer crushers with rotor diameters up to 3 m are available which have throughput of even 1500T/hr.
Although hammer crushers wear more quickly than impact crushers, they can process moist materials more efficiently. Only soft to moderately hard materials can be processed because of wear considerations. These crushers are simpler than jaw and cone crushers and units with equivalent throughput are much smaller in size.

Impact crusher:
Impact crusher uses the energy contained in falling stone, plus the power imparted by the massive impellers. Rock fed into the breaker falls directly on to the impellers (which weigh up to 6.5 tons) and rotate away from each other, turning up and outward, at speeds from 250 to 1000 rpm depending on the desired size of finished product.

Pieces of rock are sent crashing against steel breaker bars mounted in specific positions around the breaking chamber or crash against other rocks hurtling through the chamber and are further reduced without the use of extra horsepower. The stone falls again onto the impellers to repeat the cycle until reduction is complete. Size is controlled by impeller speeds and the vertical and horizontal spacing of adjustable breaker bars.

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